A simple and biological method for the fabrication of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was developed, applying the non-toxic and sustainable natural extract from Artemisia abrotanum as the reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were utilized to classify the synthesized Pd NPs@Artemisia catalyst. The Pd NPs@Artemisia demonstrated excellent behavior as a reusable nanocatalyst in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions at room temperature. The nanocatalyst was recycled 7 times without any significant deduction in catalytic activity.

Tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) is a compound semiconductor which has been used for gas sensing and fluoride removal. SnO2 was synthesized with tin chloride as a precursor by sol gel method. Aloe vera was added during the preparation of SnO2 to study its effect on the nanosize, composition and morphology. The prepared nanopowders are characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR to analyze the crystallite size, morphology, functional groups and absorption bands. FTIR reveal the change in functional group and shift in absorbance due to presence of Aloe vera. XRD analysis with Williamson Hall plot confirms the nanosize which was in accordance with the SEM results. PL spectra were recorded to find the effect of band gap and intensity on SnO2 due to aloe vera.

Research conducted on silicon based photodetector technology has recently shown rapidly growing momentum to develop the robust silicon based detectors for photonic applications. The thrust is to manufacture low cost and high efficiency detectors with CMOS process compatibility. In this study, a new design and characterization of PIN photodiode is envisaged. The simulation tool, Silvaco TCAD (and its variants), was used to design and simulate the processes of the device. Electrical and optical measurements such as I-V characteristics (dark current), and internal/external quantum efficiencies were analysed to evaluate the designed and processed device structure for its potential applications in photonics and other detection mechanisms.

A convenient and efficient synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazole derivatives are carried out by the one-pot reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with various aromatic aldehydes in using Bi2O3 nanoparticles as a catalyst at 60°C. The structure of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of by FT-IR, H1 NMR, C13 NMR, Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. This protocol afforded advantages i.e. purification of products by non-chromatographic method. Bi2O3 nanoparticles is cheap, readily available, versatile, environment friendly and recyclable. The reaction has been carried out in ethanol, thus eliminating hazardous organic solvents.

The mechanical alloying (MA) procedure was used to synthesize the Ni50Al50 and Ni50Al45Mo5 nanocrystalline intermetallic compound using the pure Ni, Al and Mo elemental powders under an argon atmosphere for different times (8, 16, 48, 80 and 128 h) in a planetary ball mill with hardened steel balls (12 balls-1cm and 4 balls-2cm in diameter). The mechanical alloying was carried out in the attendance of various Mo contents as a micro-alloying element for various milling times. Microstructural characterization and structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Outcomes confirmed that the synthesis behavior of NiAl intermetallic depends on the milling time and Mo content. The results show that after than 80h milling, the intermetallic phase is produced after opening the vial lid. X-ray map show that, in the fixed milling time, enhancing the Mo content leads to acceleration in the NiAl formation in air atmosphere. The mechanical alloyed powders have a microstructure consisting of nanometer size particles. Mo enhance has a considerable effect on the lowering of crystallite size. The TEM image showed that the Ni50Al45Mo5 nano-particles were less than 10 nm. The average grain size is smaller than those sizes obtained in the NiAl (25 – 35 nm) alloy.

In the present study the production of biodiesel was performed by using raw material like soybean oil by trans-esterification process. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the international specification free glycerol in biodiesel should not be more than 0.02 mass %. To achieve the biodiesel with the ASTM specification, biodiesel was separated using prepared PAN ultrafiltration membranes. The polyacronitrile ultra filtration membranes were prepared on supporting material of woven fabric by phase inversion technique of membrane casting. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of its molecular weight cut off and flux of the membranes. Different molecular weights of the BSA solutions were used to determine the molecular weight cut off of the membranes. Then the obtained 6KDa and 15KDa Ultra filtration PAN membranes were used to separate the glycerol from (FAME) free acid methyl ester. It was observed that the both membranes were separated glycerol from the biodiesel below 0.02 mass % which meets the requirements of the ASTM specification of glycerol. The permeate side of the 6KDa membrane was estimated to be 0.017 mass % of glycerol, whereas, 15 KDa membrane was 0.02 mass % . The glycerol percentage in retained side membranes were increased with time.

In this paper, molecular interactions in the binary mixtures composed of a xylene and selected 1-alkanol (1-butanol up to 1-octanol) were investigated by measurement of the density at T= 323.15 K. From the experimental data, excess molar volumes were calculated. Obtained data were interpreted based on the type and magnitude of the physico-chemical interactions in the binary liquid systems. In this sense, PC-SAFT was used to correlate the volumetric behavior of binary mixtures. The correlated values of the model were satisfactory and the obtained data are within the uncertainty region.